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UMU Harvard referencing guide.

Introduction

• Academic writing uses evidence from earlier work or data from own research to support one’s arguments. Every statement, diagram or data used in academic writing is owned, either by you the writer or by some other person whose work you have read, listened to or watched. You must show the owner or source of every statement, diagram or data. Indicate your own and also acknowledge the owner or source of statements, diagrams or any other kind of data that are not your own.
  Referencing prevents plagiarism, as it is a way of acknowledging the source of information one has used. While acknowledging that there are many referencing systems one could use; such as APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Tourabian, Vancouver, Oxford, and so on. Uganda Martyrs University (UMU)
  adopts the Harvard System of referencing. It should be noted that there are variations within the Harvard system as adopted by different institutions and, therefore, that it is not enough to refer to any guideline referred to as Harvard but to follow our particular version.  This guide gives some useful examples to which you can refer when referencing in your academic writing. You are invited to be keen to every minute detail and to note the importance of consistency in your citation. This guide is to be followed in presenting Coursework, Publications with UMU Press, Research proposals, and Dissertations at undergraduate and graduate levels at UMU.

NB: In cases where a particular discipline’s citation/referencing needs are not met by these guidelines, the respective units will advise on how to go about that. However, such exemptions should only occur where absolutely necessary and should be agreed upon in consultation with the School of Postgraduate Studies and Research (SPGSR).
Function

• It is an academic crime to use somebody else's work without acknowledgement - it is called
  plagiarism and is punishable by disqualification and rejection of your essay or thesis. It could
  even lead to expulsion from the university. Make sure you read and understand UMU’s policy
  on plagiarism in the Academic Handbook.
  · Referencing indicates that you have read the appropriate authorities and evidence related to
  your work.
• Referencing acknowledges and gives credit to others who have contributed to your work. It
  is your ethical responsibility as a researcher to give credit to those who have laboured to put
  the ideas together for your use.
  · Following a standard referencing style is UMU's convention, as it is in other
  institutions of learning.
  Remember that every statement belongs to someone, including you the writer. Indicate your
  own statements and reference the rest

Two main components describe the Harvard system

1.  In-text referencing - Each statement or item of evidence you use from a source (e.g., a book, a journal article, etc.) has to be reflected against the statement or item. The in-text reference includes the author’s last name and the year of publication of the source. A direct quotation requires the number of the page/s that the quotation came from. Footnotes may be used for adding clarifications and citing webpage addresses also known as the Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which may make the work appear clumsy.
2. The in-text reference (author, year) must be listed in a Reference list (sometimes inaccurately used interchangeably with Bibliography). A Bibliography includes sources you have consulted, both those cited and not. The Reference list only includes actually cited works.
3. In the text, only cote the last name (usually it is the surname) of the author/s, not all names. Do not even add initials of their other names.